Thursday, November 3, 2011

Organization Theory - 32 (Contingency Theory Environmental - Organization Relation)


In the earlier blog, we looked at the larger context of International environment and the relevance to the managers. Beginning today over the next few blogs we would look at some of the theories that highlight the organization-environment relations. Today we discuss the first of these theories - Contingency Theory.

The Contingency Theory talks about the relation between the environmental condition and the nature of organization that would develop in such an organization. A careful observation of the business environment around us and we begin to realize that this theory is really true.

Simply put, this theory finds that a stable environment would have the organization with strict line of authority, distinct areas of assigned responsibilities etc. Since, this resembles a machine with strict rules and predictability - this is called mechanistic organization. On the other hand if the environment is very dynamic, the organization operating within it would have to be very flexible and employees would have the freedom to respond with a fitting reply relevant to the context. Given this lively nature, this is called an organic organization.

Of these 2 types - mechanical and organic, none could be said as superior to the other. Each is appropriate to different environmental conditions. In stable environment, the mechanistic form is advantageous through the standard procedures to perform routine activities. Under rapidly changing environment, the organic model scores over the mechanistic model or organizations. Flexibility of organic organizations, support the need for innovations and adaption.

To summarize - the most effective way to organize is "contingent" upon the conditions of complexity and change in the environment - Thus the name "Contingency Theory".

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